In the realm of substances, a captivating interplay exists between tranquil motion and the chaotic forces of turbulence. When a liquid flows smoothly, it exhibits delicate patterns, reminiscent of a winding river. Molecules travel in an orderly manner, their interactions nuanced. This harmonious state is known as laminar flow. But when extern

Thomson's Plum Pudding model, while groundbreaking for its time, faced several criticisms as scientists gained a deeper understanding of atomic structure. One major limitation was its inability to explain the results of Rutherford's gold foil experiment. The model assumed that alpha particles would traverse through the plum pudding with minimal def